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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕem | om kot͡ɕo |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕet | ot kot͡ɕo |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕa | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕo |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕena | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕo |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕeda | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕo |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕat | ogət kot͡ɕo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕəʃəm | ʃəm kot͡ɕo |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kot͡ɕo |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕəʃ | əʃ kot͡ɕo |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕəʃna | əʃna kot͡ɕo |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕəʃda | əʃda kot͡ɕo |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕəʃt | əʃt kot͡ɕo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕenam | kot͡ɕen oməl |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕenat | kot͡ɕen otəl |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕen | kot͡ɕen ogəl |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕenːa | kot͡ɕen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕenda | kot͡ɕen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕenət | kot͡ɕen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕem əʎe | om kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕet əʎe | ot kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕena əʎe | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕeda əʎe | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕat əʎe | ogət kot͡ɕo əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕem ulmaʃ | om kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕet ulmaʃ | ot kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕat ulmaʃ | ogət kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕenam əʎe | kot͡ɕen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕenat əʎe | kot͡ɕen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕen əʎe | kot͡ɕen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕenːa əʎe | kot͡ɕen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕenda əʎe | kot͡ɕen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕen əʎe | kot͡ɕen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕenam ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕenat ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕen ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕenːa ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕenda ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕen ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕo | it kot͡ɕo |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕəʒo | ənʒe kot͡ɕo |
| 1PL: | (kot͡ɕena) | (ona/ogəna kot͡ɕo) |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕəza | ida kot͡ɕo |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕəʃt | ənəʃt kot͡ɕo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕənem | ənem kot͡ɕo |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕənet | ənet kot͡ɕo |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕəneʒe | əneʒ kot͡ɕo |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕənena | ənena kot͡ɕo |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕəneda | əneda kot͡ɕo |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕəneʃt | əneʃt kot͡ɕo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕənem əʎe | ənem kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕənena əʎe | ənet kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕənena əʎe | ənena kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕəneda əʎe | əneda kot͡ɕo əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt kot͡ɕo əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕənet ulmaʃ | ənet kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕəneda ulmaʃ | əneda kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kot͡ɕo ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kot͡ɕaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kot͡ɕəman |
| Active participle: | kot͡ɕəʃo |
| Passive participle: | kot͡ɕəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kot͡ɕəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | kot͡ɕədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kot͡ɕen |
| Negative gerund: | kot͡ɕəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kot͡ɕəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kot͡ɕəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kot͡ɕəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | kot͡ɕəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | kot͡ɕədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||